The tower crane's base is typically bolted to a large concrete pad that provides very crucial support. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane which is connected to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
The crane's mast is usually a triangulated lattice structure which measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor which allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. In addition, two limit switches are used to be able to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first have to be transported to the construction location by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the equipment part of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts may be some of the other industrial equipment that is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the driver of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.